塞尔 1980 年提出的“中文屋”思想实验，在 AI 时代还成立吗？
The Chinese room
已故美国哲学家 John Searle 于 1980 年提出“中文屋”思想实验，质疑被编程的计算机能否拥有意识，是这类质疑中最知名的论证之一。TED-Ed 的这段动画梳理了该论证及其招致的诸多批评，并探讨随着 AI 系统日益复杂，这一实验在 AI 时代是否仍然成立。视频还追问：在人类对自身认知状态都了解甚少的情况下，我们能否确知计算机是否具有认知状态。
正文 · 原文
Devised by the late US philosopher John Searle in 1980, the ‘Chinese room’ thought experiment is one of the best-known challenges to the idea that programmed computers could be conscious. This animation from TED-Ed lays out Searle’s famed argument, which has drawn considerable criticism and become more contentious as AI systems have grown far more sophisticated. While exploring whether the Chinese room still computes in the AI era, the video considers the mounting complexities of ever knowing whether computers could have cognitive states – especially given how little we understand our own.
Video by TED-Ed
Directors: Hernando Bahamon, Vicente Numpaque, Globizco Studios
Producer: Sazia Afrin
Writers: Charles Wallace, Dan Kwartler
10 September 2026
来源：Aeon · aeon.co